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lucyphermann:

tembonzuri:

THE 42 COMMANDMENTS OF ANCIENT EGYPT

Transgressions Against Mankind

I.Thou shalt not kill, nor bid anyone kill.

II.Thou shalt not commit adultery or rape.

III.Thou shalt not avenge thyself nor burn with rage.

IV.Thou shalt not cause terror.

V.Thou shalt not assault anyone nor cause anyone pain.

VI.Thou shalt not cause misery.

VII.Thou shalt not do any harm to man or to animals.

VIII.Thou shalt not cause the shedding of tears.

IX.Thou shalt not wrong the people nor bear them any evil intent.

X.Thou shalt not steal nor take that which does not belong to you.

XI.Thou shalt not take more than thy fair share of food.

XII.Thou shalt not damage the crops, the fields, or the trees.

XIII.Thou shalt not deprive anyone of what is rightfully theirs.

XIV.Thou shalt not bear false witness, nor support false allegations.

XV.Thou shalt not lie, nor speak falsely to the hurt of another.

XVI.Thou shalt not use fiery words nor stir up any strife.

XVII.Thou shalt not speak or act deceitfully to the hurt of another.

XVIII.Thou shalt not speak scornfully against others.

XIX.Thou shalt not eavesdrop.

XX.Thou shalt not ignore the truth or words of righteousness.

XXI.Thou shalt not judge anyone hastily or harshly.

XXII.Thou shalt not disrespect sacred places.

XXIII.Thou shalt cause no wrong to be done to any workers or prisoners.

XXIV.Thou shalt not be angry without good reason.

XXV.Thou shalt not hinder the flow of running water.

XXVI.Thou shalt not waste the running water.

XXVII.Thou shalt not pollute the water or the land.

Sins

XXVIII.Thou shalt not take God’s name in vain.

XXIX.Thou shalt not despise nor anger God.

XXX.Thou shalt not steal from God.

XXXI.Thou shalt not give excessive offerings nor less than what is due.

XXXII.Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s goods.

XXXIII.Thou shalt not steal from nor disrespect the dead.

XXXIV.Thou shalt remember and observe the appointed holy days.

XXXV.Thou shalt not hold back the offerings due God.

XXXVI.Thou shalt not interfere with sacred rites.

XXXVII.Thou shalt not slaughter with evil intent any sacred animals.

Personal Transgressions

XXXVIII.Thou shalt not act with guile or insolence.

XXXIX.Thou shalt not be unduly proud nor act with arrogance.

XL.Thou shalt not magnify your condition beyond what is appropriate.

XLI.Thou shalt do no less than your daily obligations require.

XLII.Thou shalt obey the law and commit no treason.

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According to Wikipedia:

“Some historians….have argued that the Ten Commandments originated from ancient Egyptian religion, and postulate that the Biblical Jews borrowed the concept after their Exodus from Egypt. Chapter 125 of the [Egyptian] Book of the Dead (a.k.a. the Papyrus of Ani) includes a list of things to which a man must swear in order to enter the afterlife. These sworn statements bear a remarkable resemblance to the Ten Commandments in their nature and their phrasing…..The Book of the Dead has additional requirements, and, of course, doesn’t require worship of Yahweh.” 

The Book of the Dead was written circa 1800 BCE. The Schofield Reference Bible estimates that the Hebrew Exodus from Egypt and the provision of the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai occurred in 1491 BCE., some three centuries later. Thus, many religious liberals, historians, and secularists have concluded that the Hebrew Scripture’s Ten Commandments were based on this earlier document, rather than vice-versa.

About the Egyptian “Book of the Dead:”

The ancient Egyptian religion taught that person had to undergo trials after death as they proceeded towards the underworld.

One major test was that the weight of their heart was compared to that of a feather. Egyptians believed that If the person had committed sin during his or her lifetime, then their heart would become heavier. The heart does naturally gain weight with age. The Egyptians might have noticed this and assumed that the weight gain was caused by the commission of sins. Unfortunately, there appears to be no chance that the deceased person can pass that test. Adult hearts weigh over a pound: an male heart weighs 280 to 340 grams. Female hearts weigh from 230 to 280 grams. A feather weighs a small fraction of a pound. “The god Thoth would record the results and the monster Ammit would wait nearby to eat the heart should it prove unworthy.” Presumably, failing this test and having one’s heart eaten would not be an encouraging sign.

A second second trial was that the deceased would have to recite a negative confession “when [she or] he descends to the hall of the Two Truths.” In the statement, he or she swore that they had not engaged in specific behaviors while alive. According to Egyptologist Ahmed Osman, one translation of the statement reads:

“Hail to thee, great God, Lord of the Two Truths. I have come unto thee, my Lord, that thou mayest bring me to see thy beauty. I know thee, I know thy name, I know the names of the 42 Gods who are with thee in this broad hall of the Two Truths … Behold, I am come unto thee. I have brought thee truth; I have done away with sin for thee. I have not sinned against anyone. I have not mistreated people. I have not done evil instead of righteousness …
I have not reviled the God.
I have not laid violent hands on an orphan.
I have not done what the God abominates …
I have not killed; I have not turned anyone over to a killer.
I have not caused anyone’s suffering …
I have not copulated (illicitly); I have not been unchaste.
I have not increased nor diminished the measure, I have not diminished the palm; I have not encroached upon the fields.
I have not added to the balance weights; I have not tempered with the plumb bob of the balance.
I have not taken milk from a child’s mouth; I have not driven small cattle from their herbage…
I have not stopped (the flow of) water in its seasons; I have not built a dam against flowing water.
I have not quenched a fire in its time …
I have not kept cattle away from the God’s property.
I have not blocked the God at his processions. (source)

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Long before the so called ten commandments the Ancient Egyptian developed the 42 commandments, which were split up into 3 classifications of sins: Transgressions against Mankind, sins against God/s and personal transgressions

When Transgressions were against Mankind, the punishment fitted the crime. Egypt was relatively crime free. Crime was mainly as a result of barbaric immigrants. The death penalty was seldom used, and then only under unusual circumstances. Periods as long as 150 years went by without a single execution.

The punishment for sins against God/s was banishment from the religion including banishment from the community where the God was worshipped. Depending on the God against whom the sin was committed this could cause banishment from Egypt.

The Judgement of, and subsequent punishment for, Personal Transgressions was in the hands of the Gods and took place after death during the judgment of Ma’at.(source)